The Emperor's Birthday (Tenno Tanjobi)

What Is the Emperor's Birthday?

February 23rd is a national holiday celebrating "The Emperor's Birthday." This date marks the birth of Japan's current Emperor (the 126th Emperor, Naruhito), born in 1960, and became a public holiday starting in 2020, the second year of the Reiwa era. Beyond simply celebrating the Emperor's birthday, the day is also an occasion for citizens to reflect on the history and role of the Imperial Family and to wish for the nation's peace and stability.

Celebrating the Reiwa Era: The General Public Greeting

On the Emperor's Birthday, a "General Public Greeting" (ippan sanga) is held at the Imperial Palace, much like the New Year's greeting. The Emperor and Empress, along with other members of the Imperial Family, appear on the palace balcony to receive well-wishes from the public. The sight of crowds waving small Hinomaru flags and the Emperor responding with a smile has become a gentle symbol of the Reiwa era. February 23rd is a special day when the Imperial Family and the public connect directly and share in the joy of the occasion.

A Legacy of History and Tradition: The World's Oldest Monarchy

Japan's Imperial Family is said to be the world's longest-reigning monarchy, with roots tracing back to the age of myth. The Emperor's Birthday is an occasion to appreciate this remarkable cultural heritage and the weight of an unbroken imperial line. February 23rd is a day to sense how the Imperial Family blends time-honored ceremonies and spiritual traditions with a modern, global perspective — a fusion of "the new and the traditional."

How People Spend the Holiday: Thoughts of Peace

While solemn ceremonies take place at the palace, for most citizens February 23rd is simply a quiet day off. As winter gives way to spring, spending the day wishing for national peace and the health of one's family aligns closely with the holiday's original spirit. It's a day to celebrate the Emperor's birthday while each person quietly hopes for a bright future for Japan.

Interesting Facts About the Emperor's Birthday

• A movable holiday: The date of this holiday changes with each new Emperor's accession. Since the start of the Reiwa era, it has fallen on February 23rd.
• Ceremony of Congratulations: A formal ceremony is held at the Imperial Palace where the Prime Minister and foreign diplomatic delegations offer their congratulations.
• The Emperor's remarks: Statements released by the Emperor on his birthday, whether through press conferences or written messages, often contain thoughtful reflections on social conditions of the time.
• Signing the guestbook: Those unable to attend the General Public Greeting can still sign a congratulatory guestbook at designated locations such as the Imperial Palace.
• Tenchosetsu: Before the war, the Emperor's birthday was called "Tenchosetsu" and was celebrated grandly as one of the four major national festivals.

A Light That Illuminates One Corner, Hope for Tomorrow

The Emperor's Birthday is a day to honor the symbol at the heart of national life and to reflect on the value of peace. The Emperor's quiet, sincere approach — embodied in the idea of "illuminating one corner of the world" — offers valuable guidance for how each of us might live our own lives. On February 23rd, let's take pride in the cultural depth of Japan and store up energy for the days ahead.

Tips for Enjoying the Emperor's Birthday

• Read carefully through the Emperor's remarks as reported by television and newspapers, and reflect on the hopes they express.
• Take a walk around the Imperial Palace or the Akasaka Estate, appreciating the beauty of the historic trees and stone walls.
• Read some of the Manyoshu poems that inspired the name "Reiwa," and imagine the landscapes that people of that era cherished.
• Take this opportunity to talk with family or friends about Japanese history and the traditions of the Imperial Family.

A Rich Life Alongside National Peace

On February 23rd, the whole country shares in a mood of celebration. This atmosphere of peace is itself a precious gift. While wishing the Emperor good health, let's also strive to make our own lives rich and harmonious. May this holiday bring you a sense of calm and hope.